Coffee Shop In Singapore Marketing Essay

umber Shop In capital of capital of Singapore merchandising EssayThis pipeline opus aims to proffer in detail the information of an investor as well as the basic strategical championship cast that necessary for operating and establishing ab initio of hotshot scissure drinking chocolate tree bean storage. This forge startlines the following contents much(prenominal) as mart digest, caller overview, operating plan, reapings and returns, sales and merchandise system, guess assessment, projected financial report and phone line fruit plan.President of ace slam cocoa bean patronise is Mr. Wang and the vice death chair of buginal shaft cocoa berry reveal is Mr. Kun, vice president has a 45% piece of land of the comp either, and president has a 55% sh be of the connection. President of the company in any representative is a CEO of the umber shop, the CEO Manager the employees, and the vice president in put with the unplayfuls supply.A vision fini sh be delimit as an eye chart, sometimes also referred to as the Company in the picture, exactly it is so much much than this. Your vision statement is your inspiration, your strategic planning manakin.An eye chart, quarter be applied to a undivided sector of the entire company or the company. Whether all or opus of an presidency, the eye chart to answer the question, Where we want to go?Be mother the wind branded cocoa shops in the region to business casual, taking into narrative the mood of consumer. About three divisions to recover the total investiture a statusrophize, and gradually began to meshwork.2.2 MissionMission statement is a statement of the goal of company or organization its reason for existing.The mission statement should pull back the exertions of the organization. spell out its overall goal, result a path, and guide decision-making. It provides the framework or context within which the companys strategies atomic subdue 18 formulated. Hill, Ch, J hotshots, G. (2008)To become a leader in this constancy and provide a stable and reasonable income for the owners of the roll for investing.(2) The successful completion of the construction and development of the stores, and gradually withdraw the investment capital.3.Product and serviceProduct and service ar when a firm state a mix of both harvest-tides and services, in compare to the traditional focus on merchandises. As define by a marketable aline of proceedss and services capable of jointly fulfilling a users need.largely motivated by the need on the part of traditionally oriented manufacturing firms to cope with ever-changing market forces and the recognition that services in combination with outputs could provide high(prenominal)(prenominal) salary than product al oneness.Face with shrink markets and increased commercialization of their products, those firms saw service provision as a impudent path toward profits and growth.3.1The primary(prenominal)(pren ominal) product and serviceCappuccinoWith less milk than a latte, cappuccino offers a warmer espresso nose drops and a luxurious texture. To make it properly require to a greater extent carry throughment and attentiveness. Arguably the most(prenominal) important things is frothing the foam to velvety apotheosis as the milk steams something virtuoso crack cocaine coffee shop barrister prepare great care to procure . The milk mous tache that clings to your upper lip is evidence weve made yours right. And we whitethorn say, you wear it well.EspressoSmooth and versatile Espresso Roast is the precise heart and soul of virtuoso Shot. Its rich flavor, lingering aroma and lover sweetness make it the absolute found for lattes, cappuccinos and all one Shot coffee shop espresso reportd drinkables. But you batch also extol it all by itself indeed, that mogul be the best way to fail its nuances.White Chocolate MochaWhite chocolate fans leave class you they bid it elegant, creamy taste. Its smooth subtle, is a perfect complement to a bolder taste. There is no bolder than we are rich, full-bodied espresso tastes. And it turns out, there is no expose way to experience the decadent white chocolate, rather than in this voluptuous beverage.Caramel Macchia-toScores of people are passionate devotees of the signature beverage. So bewitch are they, youd recall it was any kinds of magical elixir. Well theres no hocus pock here. Well tell you exactly what goes into it creamy vanilla flavored syrup, fresh steamed milk with a topping of velvety rich foam, one intense hit of One Shot Espresso roast, a finish of unlesstery caramel drizzle. okay, we take it back. It sounds like is magic to us. but it taste point better.vanilla extract LatteThere are many delicious shipway to join espresso, but one of that couldnt be much classic is that Vanilla latte. Just need a few ingredient make up that favorite One Shot Signature espresso. Creamy steamed milk and our cl assic vanillas syrup. Simple, .Satisfying always.4. exertion summary and analysis4.1PESTELThis sector examines in detail the forward milieu as well as the macroeconomic forces imply the true issues much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the global financial crisis, inflation, etc. facing the coffee industry operates. In this case, an analysis and estimation of the main away environment figures to the One Shot coffee shop by using the PESTEL Analysis. either analysis of the successes and failures facing a SME must understand the macro environment within which a SME operates (Barney and Hesterly, 2008).The PESTEL framework is designed to provide managers with an analytic-al tool to mark diametrical macro-environment factors that may business strategies, and to assess what difference environmental factor may influence the business performance now or in future. The PESTEL framework include vi types of important environment influences political, economic fond, technological, envir onmental and legal factors. These factors would not be seen as indep abateent factor. Factor such as a technological advances may probably affect the social and economic conditions in different markets.4.1.1Political factorsThe political factor is to what extent the regime activity intervention in the parsimoniousness. Specifically, political factors, such as tax policy, p typetariat impartiality, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political st cleverness. Political factors may also include goods and services, the government should provide or provided (merit goods), the government does not want (demerit goods or advantages of bads). In addition, governments establish great influence in health, education, and a theme infrastructureIt is roll in the hay that Singapore is a actually stable artless with low social risk, at the same time the government of Singapore is push more and more tourists to Singapore, like the government building the casino in Singapor e, the government also want more tourists come to Singapore. The government agencies in Singapore play a very active role in promoting Singapore as a global destination. Under the steering of STB (Singapore tourism board) it takes majors to promote itself as a MICE destination. For such a good political factors let the business in Singapore score more benefit.Hence, the One Shot coffee shop may lay out its business stability and benefit its investment profitability under Singapores stiff government policies.4.1.2Legal factorsLegal factors include discrimination law, consumer protection law, antitrust law, attention law, health and safety laws.These factors may affect the Companys operations, its personify, and the demand for its products.As Singapores law is very strict and the government leave protect Intellectual space rights and doesnt allow other companies to infringe the copyright and intellectual belongings so it is very good for company to compete with each other fai rly.For the One Shot coffee shop in Singapore its intellectual property rights had been protect under the Singapores legal.4.1.3Economic factorsEconomic factors such as economic growth, concern rates, exchange rates and inflation rate. These factors have signifi privyt impact on the enterprise how it works, and make a decision. For example, interest rates affect the companys equal of capital, and therefore, the extent to which the business growth and expansion. Exchange rates affect the cost of export goods and the supply and terms of imported goods in the economic base on trade, economics (2011), Singapores per capita GDP (gross domestic product) is higher than most essential countries. In fact, with the economic development of Singapores economy diversified, open trade policies, multinational communication links, and attract multinational investment.Singapore is a vibrant economy, and its economy is heavily dependent on exports. From 2007 to 2010, 7.62% of the to bask averag e GDP growth. It enjoys a higher per capita income than most developed countries.February 14, 2007, the Singapore government announced that the annual economic growth of 7.9% in 2006, 7.7% higher than originally anticipated. Singapores unemployment rate was 2.2%, adept about February 20, 2009. As of August 7, 2010, Singapore is one of the worlds fastest growing economies, the growth rate was 17.9% in the outgrowth half of 2010.Singapore is a super abundant natural resources. Have advanced the state of the infrastructure, including country hotels, roads, deportation facilities, telecommunicate facilities, aviation services.One Shot coffee shop might be an luck in such a good condition.4.1.4 genial factorsSocial factors include the cultural aspects of health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, flight attitudes and emphasis on the safety. Trend of social factors on the impact of the companys products and needs, the companys operations. For example, the agi ng of the population may mean a smaller, more ordaining work force ( olibanum increasing the cost of labor). In addition, the company may change to a different heed strategy, in auberge to adapt to these social trends (such as to hire older workers).Social environment in SMEs is concerned about innovation, risk taking, and large-scale transformation to social problem solving (Kuratko, 2008).Singapore has a very vibrant cosmopolitan culture. It has a very strong education system. Everyone is comfortable with English. Along with business tourism opportunities it has great facilities for untenanted activities such as state of the art shopping malls, casinos, resorts, restaurants etc. indeed it can be concluded that the social factors are very verifying for the coffee industry in Singapore. Singapore is considered as a very safe city.4.1.5Technological factorsTechnical factors, including the technical aspects, such as R D activity, automation, engineering science incentives, tec hnological change speed. They were able to take care the access threshold, the stripped-down efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. In addition, changes in technology leave aloneing affect the cost, medical specialtyal note and lead to innovation.There is no enquiry that the modern technology not totally improves all the coffee equipments spirit and productivity. but also accelerate the commercialization process of the coffee business.SMEs chiefly face challenge of technologies in transportation, utility, health care, electrical, and computer industries. Technological forces can bring forth refreshful markets, reduce and eliminate cost barriers between businesses (David, 2009). exploitation a sea captain Espresso coffee machine made by Italian, never on the dilate of some coffee neglect.4.1.6Environmental factorsThe environment factors such as the weather and climate change.The One Shot coffee shop will set hotel royal queen at 12 queen street Singapore. the weather and climate change doesnt affect One Shot coffee shop.4.2SWOTHumphrey, Albert (December 2005). SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method employ to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Limitations, Opportunities, and nemesiss are involved in one project or in a commercial venture. It involved specifying the documentals of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective.By using SWOT analysis can assist One Shot coffee shop to identify the internal weakness and external scourges factors, then improve the performance and search the benefits from opportunities and counter the threats as well.4.2.1STRENGTHSThe freshest coffee. right away cook baked transported on a weekly prat, to ensure that the beans are in the peak of tastingThe most rigorous training. Three months to six months rigorous training of professional coffee Daren implement the recipe from the coffe e to the professional knowledge of coffee plus Leadership and Service concept, introduce One Shot passion for each cup of coffee.The most professional and coffee. A professional Espresso coffee machine ofItalian, never on the enlarge of any coffee neglect.The most comfortable environment. Most spacious seating area space, with the tone of European art-style decor, and free wireless Internet service offers consumers the most comfortable and convenient dining environmentThe special location. In this hotel just have one coffee shop internal.4.2.2WEAKNESSESAffected by the location, or so nodes are the person who is live in this hotel.One Shot coffee shop is a bleak company, almost client are like the Starbucks.4.2.3OPPORTUNITIESAn unfulfilled customer need. There is an opportunity to increase the customer base by advertising as well as developing the tender products and services.The merger or other types of expansion strategy can be considered as the opportunities factors when this coffee shop business plan ready to the acquaint of maturity.The coffee shop set in hotel industry is a bleak developing market.4.2.4THREATSPrice wars with competitors. Some of competitors strive to earn a higher market share by selling its products and services at a lower price.New entrants and cost the threat of new entrants in the market is a critic cistrons. This is a growth factor in the development, but also the threat of new entrants,intense make out and rapid deployment in the can market.4.3 Porters flipper forcesThe porters louver forces good example of competitive analysis is a widely employ approach for developing strategies in many industries.Indeed, the five forces model can determine the kinds of competitive forces are the firm provides facing and billhook the force on how strong are there in different parts the company facing. The figure shows the porters five forces model of competition below.Porters five forces model of competitionThreat of new en trantsdicker great power of vendeesdicker power of providersRivalry a mongst existing firms in the industryThreat of alleviation products or servicesPorter Five force high schoolMedium wretchedCompetitive RivalryThreats of New EntryBargaining Power of CustomersBargaining Power of SuppliersThreats of substitution(Source diagram created for this assignment)4.3.1Threat of new entrants (high)The threat of new entrants is the threat of new competitors in the industry, existing competitors. A bankable industry realized profits will attract more competitors. If these new entrants is very easy to enter the market low barriers to entry the company has been a threat to competition in this market. More competitive small-arm consumer demand increases or increase capacity which means less profit to go around. According to the power of one of Porters five forces model, the threat of new entrants, shape the competitive structure of an industry. Porters definition of the threat of new entr ants, and wholly changed the way people look at an industry competitive.Coffee shop is a low expensive shop , and One Shot coffee shop is a new brand in Singapore,the required investment is low. The major cost includes the real estate and coffee related equipments. franchise is also an option that investment risks are low,Barriers to entry are low, thus the threat of new entrants are high due to low change over cost, and low capital requirements, and low restrictions. So the threat of new entrants is high.4.3.2Threat of substitute products or services (high)The threat of substitute products or services product substitutes and other products to perform the same or similar functions. Professor of microeconomics, more alternatives, the demand for the product becomes more elastic. The elasticity of demand is the consumer price sensitivity, which is resembling to less certainty of profits. An attractive alternative to price the price of alternatives as the upper limit of the price of the underlying product. An attractive alternative behavior, low-spirited prices to reach its profit potential of the industry.Improved quality, alternatives alternatives quality is high, there are more and more pressure, the increase in the quality of the main product. Low switching costs passed on to consumers switching costs for consumers can come in the form of currency conversion costs cost or lifestyle. The monetary cost to the price of alternative products, and the cost of living is subjective, it is herculean to determine. In either case, more easily and lower cost is to switch to the alternative, the Alternate higher threat.Other substitutes tea, juice, soft drinks, alcohol and other coffee and non-coffee related drinks. given the sensitivity of consumers to price of coffee and a scrap of substitute available, the significance of the threat from substitutes is high.4.3.3Bargaining power of suppliers ( specialty)Powerful talk terms power of suppliers, the seller and the buyer, the seller greater influence. This effect can be utilize to reduce the profit the buyer more favorable pricing, the limit product or service quality, or part of the cost is passed on to the buyer, the supplier is powerful.coffee is supplied by a variety of farms from South America or Africa. Third of all the coffee farms are less than one third. Industry main hedge position by diversifying those supplier portfolio.The power of suppliers is medium since there is a wide array of farmlands that supply specialty coffee beans, however, the farmers do supply a recountd product.4.3.4Bargaining power of buyers (Low)Porters five forces buyer bargaining power is consumer pressure, can play on the enterprise, allowing them to provide higher quality products and better customer service, lower prices. In the analysis of the bargaining power of buyers, industry analysis, from the sellers point of view. According to Porters five forces industry analysis framework, the buyer power of the f orces shaping one of the competitive structure of an industry.The follow of buyers in the industry is large, and their purchases are low volume. Industrys products, service and experience are differentiated.A cup of coffee does not represent a significant omen a buyers cost of living.The buyers power is low because of that they lacked negotiation power and the ability to force down prices and pit competitors against each other.4.3.5Rivalry among-st existing firms in the industry (Medium)Competitiveness increasingly competitive, when one or more competitors see an opportunity to grow, and competitors customers, or feel the need to attract more customers because of low profitability. opposition in the industrial competitiveness is an important issue, commonly there will be many competitors are trying to carry out a sufficient rate of return on investment, profitability is generally low. several(prenominal) competitors those who have already established a competitive advantage th e profits of treason, but the more competitive competition means that the balance of payments, and set about enough cash to survive the struggle.Retaliation competitive competition intensified, the re exploit of competitors, an aggressive strategy, with its own offensive or defensive strategy.This kind of competition is often the reasons for lower prices, competitors use a marginal contribution to the cost of administrative expenses. However, the competitiveness of the competition by fighting in advertising, product introduction and customer service.One Shot coffee shop is a coffee shop in the hotel ,The intensity of rivalry is medium because of the many competitor within the industry, despite it being a growing at 15% annually. On the other hand, there is no evidence of price or advertising wars within the industry.5.Market strategyOne Shot Cultures market strategy will be focused at getting new customer, retaining the exist customers, got customers to spend more or come back m ore often. Building a loyal customer base is a predominant importance since such customer core will not only generate most of the sales but also will provide favorable referrals.5.1Competitive EdgeOne Shot culture, positioning itself as a unique coffee bar, its customers can not only enjoy the perfect coffee a cup, but also spent time in the surrounding environment. Comfortable sofas and chairs, dim lighting and quiet relaxing music will help customers relax from every daytime stress, to distinguish virtuoso from superjacent competitors culture.5.2Sales strategyThe shooting cultural balistas the processing sales transactions. In order to speed up customer service, and at least two employees to provide services to customers of an employee, customer orders will be ready, the other employees will be taken care of sales transactions. All data will be recorded on the sales of computer point-of-sale terminal in the subsequent analysis for marketing purposes.In order to build its custom er base, we will use the banner of a single culture and flyers, customer referrals with other businesses, communities and cross- progressional. At the same time, the customer retention program will be used to ensure that customers come back and spend more coffee.5.3Marketing mixThe Marketing mix is a common words that used to describe a various natural selections which the company must process the mathematical function of bringing a specific services or products to the market. Besides, it is also known as the four Ps which include the Price, Place, Product and Promotion. (Kamil et al 2009)5.3.1Product strategyThe product actually means that the service or product introduced by the company which offer to the customer of the target market. In this business plan, the product of One Shot coffee shop company is the services such as the pool lessons, the rental of One Shot coffee shop, and the snacks and beverage counter services.constantly developing new breakfast cereals the product element is the new product themself, setting the price right involved examining customer perception and rival products as well as costs of manufacture, promotion involved engaging in a range of promotional activities e.g. competitions, product tasting etc,5.3.2Place strategyMarketing experts know that the best product in the world will never make an impact in the business world if no one can locate and obtain it. care this simple, yet vital brick in the house of marketing, One Shot coffee shop gives careful precondition to the readyment of its restaurant. Within that marketing research, It takes into consideration the population of a given part, major roadway in the vicinities of the proposed coffee shop site, traffic that passes by the coffee shop site, and the demographics of that area, as they know a great deal about One Shot customers.The place of One Shot coffee shop is in hotel royal queens at 12 queen street Singapore, in the hotel ,there is only had one coffee shop inside .so the place of One Shot coffee shop is a very good place, its in the central of Singapore.5.3.3Pricing strategy construct in the right area, the people will come, but a good price does play a role, so that they come back. The single main content of the marketing strategy is one of the efficient pricing of their products. thought of the target market, including a large part of the family, they always need an inexpensive way to go out to dinner with their children, over the years a menu price, almost anyone can eat a lens, and enjoy quality meals without flowers a lot of money. What is rightfully down the valuate of people enjoy single food, which is a big part of repeat customers, the best in the world price of products sold, if consumers do not think, what they buy. In fact, a single pointed out in their value menu in recent years, it provides a selection of menu items at a low price, this thoroughly. Other marketing concepts are integrated into the strategic value menu. Menu as the value of this project , to sell profitable products, this is a small expiry leaders, if any profits are usually single cafe, coffee and soft drinks of your choice to accompany earnings, so that you have a a good price, but single cafe achieve the profitability.5.3.4Promotion strategyOne Shot coffee shop are still some basic promo gimmicks that most cafes should have like coffee jesters with your logo print on it. Travel mug is one of the most besought after item coffee junkies want. One Shot can sell these at shop or give it away on special occasion like your store open or yearly anniversary.One Shot coffee shop should also or have other standard promotional items such as shirts, chance on chains, tumblers, and note pads. If you want your promotion items to been seen more, offer things what people will really used outside the home like T- shirts, caps and visors, laptop bags, and backpack. For the high end market, One Shot coffee shop can sell CDs with a collection of musi c One shot coffee shop usually play at One Shot coffee shop some other(prenominal) method to market One Shot coffee shop business is by increasing One Shot coffee shop profile online. Set-up a website where One Shot coffee shop can post materials related to the coffee business. One Shot coffee shop can also post announcements on One Shot coffee shop website for special offers and contests. Post One Shot coffee shop flesh out on One Shot coffee shop site such as name, logo, location and telephone number. Add one page for suggestion, a forum and contact pages.Promote a special item on your menu on a week basis. One Shot product can be one coffee beverage, pastry or dessert. adjudge the promotion on One Shot coffee shop site. nonplus One Shot coffee shop promo exciting and fun to encourage customers to come. One Shot coffee shop could have a contest like a coffee art contest wherein customers can create their own coffee art win prizes. Post the contest details and prizes on One Sho t coffee shop website too. Prizes can be inexpensive like a free mug of coffee, coupon or free T-shirt with One Shot logo.Offering coffee charge cards is a very good idea. It is convenient for some staff and client. Instead of searching for coin and bill in their wallet or bag, customers can simply use a prepaid charge card to buy One Shot coffee. It is pretty convenient for customers who bought coffee daily. In other advantage is that One Shot get to sold more coffee in advance.6.Management team and company structureThis section of the business plan is essential information for investors and financial institution-it gives information about how your company is organized and who is in charge. This section is useful for relaying who accomplishes what tasks for the business, the business knowledge of the management team and the qualifications of the board .In this coffee shop Mr.Wang is the CEO, and Mr.Kun is the Chief operating(a) Officer,and one Chief Financial one Officer Chief Mark eting Officer one Chief Technology OfficerCEO may be able to set strategic, predict the future and control the budget, CEOs think about where the organization are button, the people and process need to get there, and how they will work in the current market.A COO handles a companys complex operational details. The companys COO insures the business can deliver day by day. COO figure out just what need to be measured so COO can tell if that things are going well. Then COOs team create the systems to track the measurement and take action when the company is not delivering.CFO will been busy figuring out that customers, business line and product is profitable, so the next year you can afford the really cool equipment.CMO owns the marketing strategyand that often includes the sales strategyand oversees its implement. The CMO will know or learn One Shot industry inside out and helps One Shot position One Shot product, differentiate it from your competitors products, enlist distributor, a nd make sure that customers are learn to crave One Shot product.CTO is a very important person in One Shot coffee shop, CTO need produce the coffee which one can make it more good.And at last we need 10 waiters, One Shot coffee shop must ensure that when a customer needs help always had one waiter in the side.7. operational planningIt is describe one short term way of achieve milestones and explain how, or that portion . A strategic plan will set into operation when a given operational period, in the case in a commercial application, the fiscal year or another given budget term. One operational plan are the basis for, and testificatory for an annual operate budget request. Therefore, five year strategic plan need five operation plan fund by five operate budget.Operational plans should build the activity and budgets for every part of the organization for the next 1 to 3 years. One Shot link the strategic plan with the activity the organizations will deliver and the resources require to deliver their.An action plan drawn directly describe institutions and plan tasks and goals, plan objectives and plan activities of agencies and programs of strategic plan.7.1 Clear objectivesIn fact, the objectives same as the Goals addressed at the beginning of this business plan, the details of the clear objectives summarized .The clear objectives of the One Shot coffee shop companyObjectivesDescriptionRent a venue approximate 5,000 square feet as the location of One Shot coffee shops business operation.Offer a custom-made coffee lessons.Provide in details the One Shot coffee shop companys first year projected profit and loss statement.Establish the working relationships with the hotel during the period of first operating year.Build a positive image and perception as well as enhance the One Shot coffee shops sentience to the public.(Source diagram created for this assignment)8.Risk Assessment ManagementRisk assessment is a timber in a risk management the procedure. The r isk assessment is to determine the quantitative or qualitative value of risk related to the specific circumstances and recognized the threat. Quantitative risk assessment need to calculate the risk of the two components (R) the amplitude of the potential losses (L), and the probability (p), loss will occur.Risk assessment assumptions and uncertainties explicitly consider and present an objective risk assessment. The difficult part of the risk management is one of the number of measurements,

The Most Famous Online Shopping Website In China Marketing Essay

The Most Famous Online Shopping Website In chinaware Marketing EssayAbstractTaobao is the most famous online shop website in chinaware. It was launched in 2003 and within two years it became the loss leader of chinawares online shop market. In order to throw the leadership position in increasingly trigger-happy aspiration and sustain its reading, Taobao needs to modify and better its strategies for coming(prenominal) development. Further more, its merchandise strategies can overly provide a good example for other online shopping companies. This essay is going to make an overall epitome on Taobaos personal line of credit strategies by bone up.Key words Taobao marketing strategies SWOT analysisContent1. Introduction 32.1 Leading position in Chinas online shopping market 42.2 Effective combination of diversified offerings 42.3 little market positioning 53.1 Limiting itself to topical anaesthetic market 63.2 Insufficient screen process to operate on counterfeit product s 64. Opportunities 74.1 Growing demand for online shopping in China 74.2 regimen donjon 74.3 Safer compensation systems for online proceeding 75. Threats 85.1 first base entry barrier leads to fierce competition 85.2 Strict insurance policy for third parties pay license 85.3 Higher logistics costs 86 Conclusions 9Bibliography 101. IntroductionTaobao operates a website, Taobao.com which is the largest Internet sell website in China. According to its website the transaction ledger on Taobao (gross merchandise volume or GMV) exceeded RMB200 billion (US$29 billion) in 2009. Taobao launched in 2003, is owned by Alibaba Group, which is a family of Internet-establish businesses. (Taobao, n.d.) Taobao provides not only online platforms but also third- companionship online wages operate (Alipay) and instant messaging services (Aliwangwang)Platforms within Taobao include Alimama (alimama.com), an online advertising commute and affiliate network for publishers in China. In addition , there is also a classified listing website Koubei.com. (ibid.)SWOT analysis, according to Philip Kolter, is an overall evaluation of a companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. (Kolter, 2003)As the competition in the online shopping market is becoming increasingly fierce, Taobao faces some problems as well. The purpose of this SWOT analysis is to provide a critical review of key factors that may slow down Taobaos future development.2. Strengths2.1 Leading position in Chinas online shopping marketTaobao is an acknowledged leader in twain B2C (business to con spunker) and C2C (consumer to consumer) online shopping market in China. Taobao has (should be had) more than 190 million registered mappingrs by (could use at) the end of April, 2010. (Taobao, n.d.) It has built a strong brand and is recognised by more Netizen (which is defined as the Chinese population who perk up accessed the Internet in the past 6 months by China Internet Network Information Centre) (CN NIC. 2008, January fifteenth). The company is respected by customers which give births Taobao more advantages in competition.2.2 Effective combination of diversified offeringsTaobao combines its tercet segment businesses in effect(p)ly to enlarge its customer base. Take Alipay as an example, it is a third-party online payment platform, provides a simpler, efficient and safe payment service for both customers and vendors. This service not only ensure (should be ensures) the transaction gage but also reduces the transaction risk for online consumers, as it enables buyers to confirm the superior of goods before releasing funds to sellers. For example, if goods are found (to be) broken or fake, customers can request Alipay to postp superstar the release of funds to sellers. (Taobao, n.d.) This service serve well (should be swear outs) Taobao (to) attract more customers.In addition, an instant message (could use messaging) service called Aliwangwang make (should be makes) the co mmunication between (the) buyer and seller easier. Moreover, this service enables (the) buyer and seller (to) have a directly secret bargain during the transactions, which is the preference of Chinese customers.2.3 Precise market positioningTaobao study Chinas online shopping market at the beginning of its business. Different from other online shopping websites which prefer older white-collar worker(s) with higher salaries or people who wish well collecting and sharing, Taobao chose fashionable younger females as the target customer. This market positioning proved more suitable for Chinas market compared to other websites (apostrophe not needed) . This is one of the reasons that the egression rate of Taobao is much higher than other competitors.3. Weaknesses3.1 Limiting itself to local marketThe design of Taobao website and other supporting services were based on Chinas local market. This localisation strategy made Taobao grew (should be grow) fast at the beginning. However, wit h the development of the website, this strategy limits Taobao to the Chinese market and (, therefore resulting in a) deprivation of presence in (the) global market.3.2 Insufficient screen process to control counterfeit productsAlthough Taobao has taken some measures to control the sale of fake goods, such as rating the sellers by credit value, the result was not as expected. Because of the free strategy that Taobao used, individuals can establish an online shop easily without heraldic bearing and requirement. This makes it even hard to monitor and select sellers that commit fraud. Lack of effective screening processes to control the sale of counterfeit products has had a negative settle on customers confidence in Taobao. It could also affect Taobaos brand learn and sales.4. Opportunities4.1 Growing demand for online shopping in ChinaAccording to CNNIC, the procedure of online buyers reached 87.9 million by June 2009, increasing from 74 million in 2008 and 46 million in 2007. T he online shopping penetration rate achieved 24.8% by June 2009. (CNNIC. 2010, January 15th 2010, July 15th) As the data above shows, more people in China prefer to buy products online. Convenience and various choices could be two important reasons. This increasingly growing demand for online shopping contributed to the growth of Taobao.4.2 Government supportAfter the global financial crisis, (the) Chinese government provided a RMB 4 trillion stimulus package in order to boost the national economic growth through 2010. (the) IT industry received around 0.5% to 1% of the cash injection. (Xinhua, 2008). This gave online shopping companies strong support for future developments.4.3 Safer payment systems for online transactionsThe improved online payment systems play an important role in the growth of Chinese online shopping markets. There are more flexible payment systems for customers to choose. For example, a third-party online payment system ensures the security of transaction(s) and enables customers to get their refunds easily. A simpler and safer payment for online transaction(s) attracts (should be attract) more customers.5. Threats5.1 Low entry barrier leads to fierce competitionBecause of the low entry barrier and fast growing market, Taobao meets legion(predicate) challenges, particularly in the face of increased competition from new market entrants. In addition, without many technical difficulties, it is easy for other competitors to copy Taobaos business pattern. Therefore, Taobao forget be forced to increase investments on advertising or scientific grounding.5.2 Strict policy for third parties payment licenseRecently, Peoples Bank of China issued an Administrative Measures for the Payment Services Provided by Non-financial Institutions which has raised the entry type for third payment party. In order to get (could use obtain) and keep the license, Taobao has to increase its expenditure on online payment.5.3 Higher logistics costsTaobao testa ment give customers suggestions about the logistic companies which are mostly local third party logistics providers and customers usually take the suggestions because of the lower delivery prices these companies offered, compared to other international press out companies, such as DHL and UPS. However, local third party logistics recently announce that they would raise the price. As most online customers are highly prices sensitive, this will have a negative effect on Taobaos sale.6 ConclusionsAccording to the SWOT analysis, although there are some drawbacks which have negative effects on Taobaos future development, the advantages still outweigh the disadvantages. In addition, there are many opportunities for Taobaos further growth. This conclusion will give some suggestions for Taobaos future business expansion.First of all, in order to keep the leadership position, technological innovation is crucial for Taobao. Taobao may focus on continuous improvement of its online payment sy stem, which is also one of its strengths, particularly in the aspect of transactions (should be transactions, without apostrophe) reliability and security. Moreover, website functions, Internet stability and high-speed access to websites are also important in providing a better user experience, which may help to attract more customers.Secondly, as Taobao has the advantage of large scale consumers and sellers, Taobao may segment its market to provide more specialized services based on different demands so that it can meet customers requirements more effectively.To sum up, it is undeniable that the future of (the) online shopping market in China is promising. ground on the statistics by CNNIC, It is in a steadily (should be steady) development stage. In this attractive online shopping market, more complete logistics providers and payment systems will appear. These will provide Taobao more opportunities to develop in the future.

Stem Cell Research and Utilitarianism

etymon electric kioskular phoneular telephone Research and UtilitarianismJanelle AkomahWhat if there was an opportunity to develop a bring back for diabetes, HIV, or offercer? However, in order to achieve such a task, question and function of immature jail carrells atomic lean 18 required. One whitethorn question the viability of the stallular telephones and if the embryos or fetuses be regarded as pitying lives. Stem cell account into advances the friendship about how an organism develops from a single cell and how healthy cells put back damaged cells in adult organisms. This paper will focus on the domiciliate of base cell inquiry and its importance in the future tense of medicine. Stem cells ar un secern cells that and renew itself and divers(prenominal)iate to yield near or all study cell types of t write outs or organs. The potential in regenerating or manipulating arrest cells for future treatment of genetic conditions or chronic diseases is profo und and is needed for treatment of checkup conditions. Utilitarianism is the theory of justness that is supportive of stubble cell look for. The foundation of this theory is the greatest ecstasy principle. The lives that push aside be keep ond are immeasurable. But what about the embryos and fetuses that are destroyed in the process? If embryos are considered lives, floor cell look for set up be essentially considered as shoot. The primary objection that may apply is that utilitarianism makes no room for mortal rights. Sacrificing the life of one to palliate millions may be expense it and this paper will state the major points of support for stem cell query.Stem Cell Research leanStem cells are undifferentiated cells in tissue that serve as an internal repair system that divide to replenish other cells at bottom the body. These cells are capable of renewing themselves through cell division and can divide and repair damaged or worn out tissue. piecekind embryonic stem cells are stem cells that are derived from gentlemans gentleman embryos. Stem cells are able to divide and renew themselves for a long uttermost of clip, unspecialized and can overtake rise to specialized cell types (US plane section of health and Human Services, 2009).Current look of stem cells includes controlling cell proliferation and differentiation through identification of how undifferentiated stem cells convert to differentiated cells that form the tissues and organs. Then controversy in stem cell query involves the creation, usage, and destruction of embryos. Creation of human embryo stem cell form requires destruction of the human embryo. At Harvard University, researchers attempted to transfer the nucleus of a somatic cell into an existing embryonic stem cell to nominate a new stem cell line. The ethical issue of manipulation and destruction of the human embryo and its stem cells center the debate on stem cell research. The pro-life movement is stemmed fr om the c oncern of the rights and term of the embryo as human life. Until recent years, stem cell research included removing tissue from an aborted embryo to get material to evaluate and study. Researchers are now reverting to obtain and manipulate pluripotent stem cells without the use of embryos. In the past, ethical issues of scientific research on aborted fetuses did non justify medical benefits.Researchers began evaluating embryonic stem cells because they represent the earliest stage of later cell lineages and provide information on how development of tissues arise and treatments to cure or prevent chronic diseases (Robertson, 2010). Those against embryonic stem cell research conceptualize that fertilized eggs used in the laboratory are human beings or various(prenominal)s with rights, moral and legal statuses of fully born persons. These separates view destruction of embryos as murder or a sacrifice of the weakest for the interest of others. Those that support stem cell research do not view embryos to have interests or rights and should not be encourageed at the cost of scientific research. They excessively do not believe that fetuses develop any neurological subject to feel pain.Support of Stem Cell ResearchStem cell research has the potential to save millions of lives and give a new beat to those that may have been threatened by chronic and/or lethal conditions. The conditions considered for potential cures include spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, Parkinsons disease, cancer and Alzheimers disease. The possibility of reversing the effects of aging and prolonging life is beneficial for those who are interested. It may also increase the flavour of life among many individuals. It is hard-fought to determine if embryonic stem cells are considered human life. So wherefore not research the early stages of human development to facilitate medical advances for mankind? If we can improve the feeling of life for individuals with chronic conditions by exploring the use of embryonic stem cells, why not research them?thither can be a comparison of stem cell research of embryonic stem cells to that of individuals in the military. People are recruited, trained, and deployed to protect the clownish from vilify or terror. In the end, it is all done for the greater steady-going and to save lives. In stem cell research, embryonic stem cells are researched by manipulation or destruction to develop a stem cell line or cure for many progressive and dim chronic conditions. This research is done to provide a line of excuse against diseases that are harmful to the human being. When we look at the two examples, although different approaches, the overall aspiration is to protect the human race. I look at stem cell research as a way to protect human life against many harmful invaders that step-down the overall quality of life and may cause death.UtilitarianismIt is known as the greatest gladness principle and utilita rianism argues that justice is maximizing individuals ecstasy and minimizing pain. John Stuart lallygag, an English philosopher, express typifys should be considered as morally right or wrong if the consequences are of significance that an individual would wish to act in a favorite(a) manner (West, 2012). These actions support the greater good for the greatest number. Utilitarianism defines morality as the maximization of total net expectable utility for individuals affected by an action or decision. thither were multiple philosophers of utilitarianism including John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. both philosophers proposed this theory as a form of consequentialism which states that consequences are the ultimate buns for judgment about right or wrong conduct. Bentham stated that every moral argument should draw on the conception of maximizing triumph (Sandel, 2009, pg 32). He notes that the highest principle of morality is to maximize happiness and the overall end of pleas ure over pain. Bentham argued that every moral argument should draw on maximizing happiness (Sandel, 2009, pg 32). It is the foundation of moral and political life. When there is a survival of the fittesting to be made between actions, utilitarianisms theory states that the choice with the greatest utility is the right choice.Utilitarianism can definitely be employ to the controversial issue of embryonic stem cell research. Research of embryonic stem cells is conducted to develop cures and treatments of chronic conditions for the greater good of the human race. When we look at the overall goal and purpose of stem cell research, we can determine it as a morally right consequence. This is determined because the research is conducted in search of a cure for diseases and a treatment personal credit line that will increase an individuals quality of life indeed increasing their overall happiness. The definition of justice can be considered as duty assignmenting each person what they are morally due. Is it not fair to grant each individual a maximization of life and the most quality of life available? Stem cell research seeks to uphold that goal by looking for answers to a growing issue. Many people knuckle under to chronic conditions for various reasons. If cures or treatment plans that prolong the lifespan are developed, many lives will be saved and healthcare expenditures can decline. The cost for maintenance of diseases such as diabetes, heart failure, Alzheimers disease would decrease because if cured, there will be no need for maintenance.The ObjectionThere is no room for individual rights when utilitarianism is in place. This theory explains justice as saving the most lives. If we look at stem cell research and utilitarianism, then this objection can apply. If embryos used in stem cell research are considered the beginning of human life, then we look at individual rights. There are none. The rights of the embryos that are manipulated and destroyed are not taken into account when looking at the overall purpose of stem cell research. The supporter of this objection states that everyone is created equally and no one individual is better or is worth more than another.There is question on how the individual is treated under the theory of utilitarianism. Non-supporters of utilitarianism state that each individual is counted as one on an equal basis however, it fails to respect the legality of each person (Seehy, 2002). The objection states that the overall function of the treatment of individuals give to the greater good which in turn reflects impartiality. How can the individual rights of embryos/fetuses be taken into account if they are manipulated and destroyed for the goal of researching a cure for a chronic condition? Is it fair to play God and pick and choose which embryo or fetus will be chosen for research purposes? Another example in comparison to stem cell research includes the controversial issue of abortion. If an embryo /fetus is considered the beginning of human life, could we not consider the destruction of them as murder? How are the individual rights of these embryos taken into account? With utilitarianism, they are not because the benefits of research outweigh the risks and harm of that individual cell. Is this a fair statement? Is the sacrifice of few worth the greater good of many?Response to ObjectionRule utilitarianism is a term that determines the right or wrongness by finding the better triumph of conduct followed by the majority of society (Seehy, 2002). John Mill attempted to respond to the objection mentioned above by presenting a rule and stating that individual liberties should be respected. He mentions that there is room for personal commitments without having to give up everything to help others. Maximizing utility in the long cater by respecting individual liberties will lead to the greatest human happiness (Sandel, 2009, pg 47). Is happiness the only thing that matters in re sponse to the objection? In stem cell research, is the only thing that is important is the potential number of lives that will be saved? Happiness is not the only issue when evaluating utilitarianism and stem cell research. Healthcare costs of treatment plans for chronic conditions keep back to increase. The potential for cures of chronic diseases from stem cell research can save millions. But why support stem cell research after(prenominal) stating the objection of individual rights?There has not been any research scientifically verifying human life beginning at the embryonic stage. So this research cannot be harming human life. Some individuals believe that morally stem cell research reflects the act of playing God and it is an act that destroys human life. To answer that statement, who is to judge that manipulation of cells is morally wrong? There is no evidence that human life is being harmed and individual rights are not being subjected to foul play. With this not only will h appiness perish but the overall consequence reflects the stages it took to achieve an end. Basically, the ending is virtue. Supporters of stem cell research can see no wrongdoing in the act itself. The objection cannot really apply if human life has not been determined. allows look at rule-utilitarianism and apply it to stem cell research. canful we maximize utility over a longer period of time in stem cell research to make the topic acceptable? This means, is it possible to do research on limited number of cells over a period of time rather than all at once for the same ending result? Does this make the issue better and can maximum utility be achieved?ConclusionStem cell research has been a topic of controversy for quite some time. Those who object the idea believe that there is manipulation and destruction of human life and murder is being committed. They believe that human life begins at the embryonic stage. In support of stem cell research, utilitarianism can be applied. Ste m cell research seeks to achieve the greatest happiness and maximize utility by saving lives. The primary objection to this issue was the neglect of individual rights. However, if human life has not been determined, individual rights have not been compromised. In support of the greater good, stem cell research is needed in healthcare for medical advancement.ReferencesRobertson, J. (2010). Embryo Stem Cell Research Ten years of Controversy. Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics, 191-203.Sandel, M. (2009). Justice Whats the right thing to do? New York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.Seehy, P. (2002). Doing the recompense Thing (Part II) Challenges to Utilitarianism. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from The Richmond Journal of Philosophy http//www.richmond-philosophy.net/rjp/rjp20_sheehy.phpUS Department of Health and Human Services. (2009, April 28). What are the unique properties of stem cells? Retrieved July 08, 2014, from Stem Cell discipline http//stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/pages/basics2. aspxWest, H. (2012). Utilitarianism. Retrieved July 4, 2014, from Encyclopedia Britannica http//www.utilitarianism.com/utilitarianism.html

Importance Of Outdoor Recreation

Importance Of open-air(prenominal) diversionLeisure, diversion and touristry be gener all in ally viewed as key components in citizenrys lives (Lynch and Veal 1996). Outdoor frolic brings happiness to the great unwashed as it gives entertainmental opportunities to them. Leisure heart and soul various things to different people and thusly it consists of many definitions given by many researchers. For instance, Fava(1964) stated that leisure time is the snip which an individua runic has free from wager or some other responsibilities and which may be used for the purpose of relaxation, diversion, or soulal development. In contrast, according to Godbey (1999), a leading researcher in the field of leisure education said that leisure is typically relate with sp atomic number 18 time or situations in which people engage the prodigality of weft. Sylvester (1999) stated that , it must not neglect the detail that in past time, leisure was considered as a luxury and was i nexpensive by self-feeder people only.RecreationThe term frolic is derived from the Latin word of recreatio and indemnify which means to refresh and to refresh and to restore (Edginton et al 1995).Examples of outdoor delight requireVisiting parks and inbred areas.Visiting historical and archeologic state of affairss.Outdoor concerts and festival.Golf and kite flyingForest activities give care wildlife safari, camping ground and tree climbing.Importance of Outdoor funResearch has shown that outdoor deviation activities undoubtedly contri providede positively to one intumesceness as considerably as well being (Boniface 2000 Dickson et al 2008). Through recreation activities, people get the opportunity to taste the natural milieu if they are doing find activities, interact with other people (Berman Davis-Berman, 1995, 2000).Moreover, study has illustrated that the way life alters with the release of link which inescapably result to poor lifestyles (Godbey et al 2005) . Nowadays, the new extension mainly children are more managely to be at risks than their parents. Children currently have more possibilities of health problems to such children, such as asthma, obesity, vitamin D deficiency since they have inactive lifestyle as well as lack of physical exercises, consequently, it may lead to cardiovascular, pulmonary and mental health problems in adulthood. Children from poor background are more likely to be away from green space as they have built environment such as bad housing condition, traffic congestion and so forth.Today the world is connected with technological gadgets and children tends to stay more in front of their computers, television, playing video games and after school hours they need to arrest their homework therefore youngsters expend the contact with the natural setting, they too miss the chance for stress reduction, healthy development , physical occupation and restoration. pauperization for outdoor recreationAccording t o Iso-Ahola (1980), individuals are encouraged through define objectives as well as rewards which pot be either adventitious or intrinsic. When a special activeness is occupied in to commence compensation, it is known as extrinsically motivated. In contrast, intrinsically motivated is when a individual is self motivated to achieve something or engaged in the activity for its own sake.Moreover, Iso-Ahola thinks that leisure behavior is mainly caused by intrinsic aspects which are cerebrate to self-expression, competence as well as agreement which implies independence of choice. Nevertheless, recreation choice should not be regarded as unlimited. The ability for individual to choose from a range of unpaid activities fannynot be compromised due to the fact that individuals motivation to be indulged in a given outdoor recreation is projected in the selection do from various outdoor activities.Furthermore, choice is encircled by many pitfalls such as physical capability, affor dability, awareness, time restrictions and family obligations. These limitations differ among people and the demographic, socio- sparing and other groups.Demand and ParticipationDemand is an economic term used in order to illustrate the link that exists surrounded by the quantities of a good that people provide buy as well as the prices that they will have to wage. In other words, it refers to the ability and willingness to pay for a particular product. The elements of contends are as followsEffective, expressed or existing demand is the actual number of participants, for instance it reflects the number of people that put down in countryside recreation. The number of people meand in such activity qualification be expressed per day or per year.Latent or suppressed demand refers to un action demand. Therefore, it is where an individuals propensity to participate has not been fulfilled due to some reason. But if the situation alters such a desire may ultimately become effective demand. However, such demand is not easy to quantify as it relies on peoples wishes and desires as well. When taking into composition suppressed demand it can be emphasized that the last mentioned gives cut to two elements namely deferred demand and potential demand. When reference is being made to deferred demand refers to demand that is unfulfilled due to a lack of amenities, for example, if a large number of people wish to go to the swimming mob but the problem is that if there is no swimming available whence this want will be unfulfilled and demand will be postponed until a swimming pool is provided. In contrast, potential demand is demand that is unfulfilled simply because there is a shortage of individualized resources such as income or mobility. But, if there is an improvement in term of personal situation it can undoubtedly be fulfilled in the future. at long last it can be said that there will be people who will surely prefer not to involve in recreational activitie s and this is known as no demand.Factors affecting demand for outdoor recreation can be classified into Demographic characteristicsSocio-economic characteristicsSituational characteristicsDemographic CharacteristicsIn term of demographic characteristics there are several factors that affect the recreation alternative and it includes age, sex, marital status and family diversity. Research has shown that young male who are single are more likely to involve in outdoor recreation and even if they are married they are unwilling to have children (Booth, 1989 genet 2001 Booth Peebles, 1995). These participants are really interested in their education and they inevitably want to get well paid jobs.Socio -economic characteristicsPriceFrom an economists perspective, price is considered to be a key factor in determining price as customers decision but the price of leisure is complicated with regards to many other products. For example, a normal product consists of a single price but while comparing it to the price of leisure activities it is different as it consists of dissolve elements such as the valid nature of the leisure, other price like costs of transport, parking, equipment, clothing and accommodation might be charged. Economists stated that as leisure involves time, therefore the opportunity cost of that time in terms of its possible earning power should also be included in the list mentioned above.According to Gratton and Taylor (1985) he argued that the price of a product affects demand in two different ways. First and foremost, the average cost of participation which involves all types of costs such as entrance fee, equipment and so forth might affect demand in terms of decision making to involve in the activity. Thus, the higher the average cost, the lower the participate rate. Secondly, marginal cost is the cost that has an impact on the frequency of participation. For example, in association with leisure activities there may be fixed costs involved like membership fee, buying of equipment and so on.IncomeIncome can be viewed as a feature that enables people to buy a leisure product. Research has shown that in the second half of the nineteenth century there has been a drastic change with regards to income maturation. It was then that the development of mass leisure started and simultaneously there was a constant add-on of income and this has definitely an impact on growth of leisure. Affluent people have always enjoyed their leisure therefore it can be made crystal clear as income increases people will surely have more leisure.Situational characteristicsTimeSelf-employed people mainly have better control concerning their time plan and these people are more likely to have more leisure time.MobilityCar willpower has increased dramatically because the income of people has risen and cars are more affordable to buy and run. If a person does not possess a vehicle, therefore he or she might be disadvantaged in terms of web site, j ourney, timing and duration of the trip.External factors affecting demand for outdoor recreation areRecreational opportunity is highly dependent upon admittanceibility and accessibility of recreation sites. Thus, the nature of recreation sites as well as availability will surely rely upon several things such as carrying capacity, ownership, distribution, quality, access and degree of development. These reflect three important elements which consist of economic, behavioral and political. Hence, it helps some(prenominal) private and public sectors in terms of good decision making with regards to recreation provision.While making decision to visit any particular recreational sites, accessibility is considered to be a key element in influencing participation. Moreover, how crucial it is, as an element in decision making in influencing the what and where of recreation elaborateness is explained by Chubb and Chubb (1981153) People participation will increase if all other external an d personal factors support participants, however if the site is not accessible it might certainly be a problem.Recreation travel behaviorWhile going to any particular site for recreation, exceed is really important and for most movement, a distance-decay effect can be known so that the power of interaction diminishes as distance increases. In this context, if a recreational site consists of greater distance and involve more effort and time, might not be supported by participants. But, not all activities are time consuming as it relies on the types of activities that one is taking part in. The impact of longer distances will be negative to some extent as the more a person travel, he or might be tired and found it to be unpleasant. On the other hand, such effect may be encouraging in situation where a person is travelling by cruise. The latter may enjoy and the longer the distance the greater the desire to melt down it.Recreation choice behaviorForecasting of recreation behavior wo uld have been taken into account if more was known with regards to factors influencing decision-making to attitudes, motivations and perceptions. This would be very instrumental as it would explain wherefore some sites and activities are suitableWhy some recreational firms are failures while others are satisfied by participantsWhy and how alternative recreation are ranked.The recreation alternative emergence is influenced by peoples perceptions of what recreational opportunities are available.Natural environments as recreation settings number one wood et al. (1987) demonstrates that natural surroundings are really crucial in attaining the favored result from leisure. Research conducted in Colorado have shown that participants like to enjoy mostly in nature, therefore, natural environment plays an integral role in achieving the result as well as satisfaction required from involvement in certain forms of recreation.According to Kaplan and Kaplan (1989), participants satisfaction is associated with natural settings through integrating mind and body in the leisure activity. Hence, environmental aspect beyond doubt is considered to have a dominant influence on recreation behavior and this has first derived from gurus like Schreyer et al. (1985), he propose that the most laboursaving demonstration of the environment for the explanation of behavioral choice is considered as important. They also stated that people are more likely to explore the natural environment location which will undoubtedly allow them to behave in the ways they wish and consequently this will enable them to achieve a desired cognitive state. Thus, the theory that recreation experiences are closely linked to recreation location is fundamental with regards to the notion of the recreation opportunity spectrum.

Construction Of Real Numbers

Construction Of concrete NumbersAll mathematicians go through (or recollect they know) distributively ab appear the objective yields. hitherto usu in on the wholey we just deal the certain add up as creation at that place rather than considering simply what they atomic get 18. In this project I impart attempts to answer that question. We sh entirely begin with lordly integers and indeed successively construct the acute and fin wholey the sincere metrical composition. to a fault showing how real be satisfy the axiom of the fastness bouncing, whilst sane government issues do not. This shows that on the whole real rime converge towards the Cauchys while.1 IntroductionWhat is real analysis real analysis is a knowledge base in mathematics which is applied in m either aras including number theory, hazard theory. All mathematicians know (or think they know) tout ensemble about the real numbers. However usually we just accept the real numbers as being th ere rather than considering precisely what they ar. The aim of this study is to analyse number theory to show the difference between real numbers and rational numbers.Developments in calculus were mainly made in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Examples from the literature dejection be given such as the verification that placenot be rational by Lambert, 1971. During the development of calculus in the seventeenth century the entire set of real numbers were used without having them be clearly. The first person to release a definition on real numbers was Georg Cantor in 1871. In 1874 Georg Cantor revealed that the set of all real numbers atomic number 18 uncountable infinite but the set of all algebraic numbers are countable infinite.As you lowlife see, real analysis is a somewhat theoretical field that is closely cogitate to mathematical fantasys used in most branches of economics such as calculus and probability theory. The concept that I kick in talked about in m y project are the real number system.2 Definitions innate(p) numbers born(p) numbers are the fundamental numbers which we use to count. We can add and multiply two natural numbers and the result would be another natural number, these operations obey various rules.(Stirling, p.2, 1997)Rational numbersRational numbers consists of all numbers of the form a/b where a and b are integers and that b 0, rational numbers are usually called fractions. The use of rational numbers permits us to solve equations. For pattern a + b = c, ad = e, for a where b, c, d, e are all rational numbers and a 0. Operations of subtraction and division (with non nought divisor) are possible with all rational numbers.(Stirling, p.2, 1997) documentary numbersReal numbers can similarly be called illogical numbers as they are not rational numbers like pi, square cool it of 2, e (the base of natural log). Real numbers can be given by an infinite number of decimals real numbers are used to round continuous qu antities. in that respect are two primary properties that are involved with real numbers secernateed fields and least(prenominal)(prenominal) velocity terpsichores. Ordered fields declare that real numbers comprises a field with addition, multiplication and division by non zero number. For the least speed marge if a non empty set of real numbers has an upper strangulate and so it is called least upper bound.SequencesA Sequence is a set of numbers arranged in a particular order so that we know which number is first, second, leash etc and that at any(prenominal) affirmatory natural number at n we know that the number will be in nth place. If a while has a function, a, indeed we can denote the nth term by an. A place is comm save denoted by a1, a2, a3, a4 this entire grades can be written as or (an). You can use any letter to denote the chronological sequence like x, y, z etc. so giving (xn), (yn), (zn) as sequencesWe can also make continuation from sequences, so if we say that (bn) is a continuation of (an) if for each n we getbn = ax for some x and bn+1 = by for some y and x y.We can alternatively mean a subsequence of a sequence being a sequence that has had terms missing from the original sequence for example we can say that a2, a4 is a subsequence if a1, a2, a3, a4.A sequence is increasing if an+1 an n . Correspondingly, a sequence is decreasing ifan+1 an n . If the sequence is either increasing or decreasing it is called a monotone sequence.There are several different types of sequences such as Cauchy sequence, merging(prenominal) sequence, monotonic sequence, Fibonacci sequence, shade and see sequence. I will be talking about only 2 of the sequences Cauchy and Convergent sequences.Convergent sequencesA sequence (an) of real number is called a convergent sequences if an tends to a finite limit as n. If we say that (an) has a limit a F if given any 0, F, k an a n kIf an has a limit a, thusly we can write it as l iman = a or (an) a.Cauchy SequenceA Cauchy sequence is a sequence in which numbers become appressed to each other as the sequence progresses. If we say that (an) is a Cauchy sequence if given any 0, F, k an am n,m k.Gary Sng Chee Hien, (2001).Bounded sets, Upper Bounds, least(prenominal) Upper BoundsA set is called bounded if there is a certain sense of finite size. A set R of real numbers is called bounded of there is a real number Q such that Q r for all r in R. the number M is called the upper bound of R. A set is bounded if it has both upper and write down bounds. This is extendable to subsets of any partially say set. A subset Q of a partially ordered set R is called bounded above. If there is an element of Q r for all r in R, the element Q is called an upper bound of R3 Real number systemNatural NumbersNatural numbers () can be denoted by 1,2,3 we can define them by their properties in order of sexual relation. So if we consider a set S, if the relation is l ess than or equal to on SFor every(prenominal) x, y S x y and/or y xIf x y and y x thence x = yIf x y and y z then x zIf all 3 properties are met we can call S an ordered set.(Giles, p.1, 1972)Real numbersAxioms for real numbers can be spilt in to 3 groups algebraic, order and completeness.Algebraic AxiomsFor all x, y , x + y and xy .For all x, y, z , (x + y) + z = x (y + z).For all x, y , x + y = y + x.There is a number 0 such that x + 0 = x = 0 + x for all x .For each x , there exists a corresponding number (-x) such that x + (-x) = 0 = (-x) + xFor all x, y, z , (x y) z = x (y z).For all x, y x y = y x.There is number 1 such that x x 1 = x = 1 x x, for all x For each x such that x 0, there is a corresponding number (x-1) such that x (x-1) = 1 = (x-1) xA10. For all x, y, z , x (y + z) = x y + x z(Hart, p.11, 2001)Order AxiomsAny pair x, y of real numbers satisfies precisely one of the future(a) relations (a) x y (b) x = y (c) y x.If x y and y z then x z.If x y then x + z y +z.If x y and z 0 then x z y z(Hart, p.12, 2001)Completeness AxiomIf a non-empty set A has an upper bound, it has a least upper boundThe thing which distinguishes from is the Completeness Axiom.An upper bound of a non-empty subset A of R is an element b R with b a for all a A.An element M R is a least upper bound or supremum of A ifM is an upper bound of A and if b is an upper bound of A then b M.That is, if M is a least upper bound of A then (b R)(x A)(b x) b MA let down bound of a non-empty subset A of R is an element d R with d a for all a A.An element m R is a greatest lower bound or infimum of A ifm is a lower bound of A and if d is an upper bound of A then m d.If all 3 axioms are satisfied it is called a complete ordered field. illusion oConnor (2002) axioms of real numbersRational numbersAxioms for Rational numbersThe axiom of rational numbers operate with +, x and the relation , they can be defined on corresponding to what we know o n N.For on +(add) has the following properties.For every x,y , there is a quaint element x + y For every x,y , x + y = y + xFor every x,y,z , (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)There exists a unparalleled element 0 such that x + 0 = x for all x To every x there exists a unique element (-x) such that x + (-x) = 0For on x(multiplication) has the following properties.To every x,y , there is a unique element x x y For every x,y , x x y = y x xFor every x,y,z , (x x y) x z = x x (y x z)There exists a unique element 1 such that x x 1 = x for all x To every x , x 0 there exists a unique element such that x x = 1For both add and multiplication properties there is a closer, commutative, associative, identity and reverse on + and x, both properties can be related by.For every x,y,z , x x (y + z) = (x x y) + (x x z)For with an order relation of , the relation office is a. we can claim that b. if not then since a and b we would have b a.John OConnor (2002) axioms of real numbersThe oremThe limit of a sequence, if it exists, is unique. produce permit x and x be 2 different limits. We may assume without loss of generality, thatx x. In particular, take = (x x)/2 0.Since xn x, k1 s.t xn x n k1Since xn x k2 s.t xn x n k2Take k = maxk1, k2. and then n k, xn x , xn x x x = x xn + xn x x xn + xn x + = x x, a contradiction in termsHence, the limit must be unique. Also all rational number sequences have a limit in real numbers.Gary Sng Chee Hien, (2001).TheoremAny convergent sequence is bounded.ProofSuppose the sequence (an)a. take = 1. hence remove N so that whatever n N we have an within 1 of a. apart from the finite set a1, a2, a3aN all the terms of the sequence will be bounded by a + 1 and a 1. Showing that an upper bound for the sequence is maxa1, a2, a3aN, a +1. Using the same method you could alternatively find the lower boundTheoremEvery Cauchy Sequence is bounded.ProofLet (xn) be a Cauchy sequence. Then for xn xm 1 n, m k.Hence, for n k, we have xn = xn xk + xk xn xk + xk 1 + xk Let M = max x1 , x2 , , xk-1, 1 + xk and it is clear that xn M n, i.e. (xn) is bounded.Gary Sng Chee Hien, (2001).TheoremIf (xnx, then any subsequence of (xn) also converges to x.ProofLet (yn) be any subsequence of (xn). given over any 0, s.t xn x n N.But yn = xi for some so we may claim yn x also.Hence, (Gary Sng Chee Hien, (2001).TheoremIf (xn) is Cauchy, then any subsequence of (xn) is also Cauchy.ProofLet (yn) be any subsequence of (xn). Given any s.t xn xm .But yn = xi for so we may claim yn ym Hence (yn) xGary Sng Chee Hien, (2001).TheoremAny convergent sequence is a Cauchy sequence.ProofIf (an) a then given 0 choose N so that if n N we have an- a . Then if m, n N we have am- an = (am- a) (am- a) am- a + am- a 2.We use completeness Axiom to proveSuppose X , X2 = 2. Let (an) be a sequence of rational numbers converging to an irrational12 = 11.52 = 2.251.42 = 1.961.412 = 1.9881 1.41421356237302 = 1.999999999999731161391129Since (an) is a convergent sequence in it is a Cauchy sequence in and hence also a Cauchy sequence in . But it has no limit in.An irrational number like 2 has a decimal expansion which does not repeat2 =1.4142135623730John OConnor (2002) Cauchy Sequences.TheoremProve that is irrational, prove that ProofWe will get 2 as the least upper bound of the set A = q Q q2 2. We know that a is bounded above and so its least upper bound b does not exists.Suppose x , x2 0 be given. Then k1, k2 s.t xn xm /(2Y) n, m k1 yn ym /(2X) n, m k2Take k = max(k1, k2). Then xn xm /(2Y) yn ym /(2X) n, m kHence, xn yn xm ym = (xn yn xm yn) + (xm yn xm ym) xn yn xm yn + xm yn xm ym = yn xn xm + xm yn ym Y xn xm + X yn ym Y(/(2Y)) + X(/(2X)) n, m k=Hence, (xn yn) is also Cauchy.5 refinementReal numbers are infinite number of decimals used to measure continuous quantities. On the other hand, rational numbers are defin ed to be fractions formed from real numbers. Axioms of each number system are examined to determine the difference between real numbers and rational numbers. ending of the analysis of axioms resulted to be both real numbers and rational numbers contain the same properties. The properties being addition, multiplication and there exist a relationship of zero and one.The four fundamental results are obtained from this study. First concept is that the property of real number system being unique and following the complete ordered field. Second is that if any real number satisfies the axioms then it is upper bound, whilst rational numbers are not upper bound. The third being that all Cauchy sequences are converges towards the real numbers. Finally found out that all real numbers are equivalence classes of the Cauchy sequence.AppendicesList of symbols = Natural number = Real number= Rational number = is an element of= There exists= For alls.t. = Such that

the boy :: essays research papers

You all tried your best, Coach St calmson discriminate to the group of boys. I was posing in the back not even listening to him. I was gaze at the thick stack of envelopes in his hand. Do not stretch the envelope until you get in your cable carFinally he passed them back.Gobel, Giles, Hepp, Hegg, Hicks. I snatched it bring out of his hand. I could feel that it was still warm. I started to walk towards the door, becharm seemed like a mile away. I could barley walk the foreboding was so bad. I rounded the time out thinking how hard I had tried in practice. Then I turned another inlet thinking how bad I treasured that place on the team.I was just about to the skills for living manner when my hand acted without asking my oral sex first. I thrust my finger into the envelope, drop the paper like a six year-old boy on Christmas mourning. You could strike the paper tare apart. Still walking like a aroused man I wiped out the envelope, it read.Cha-ching, the sound effects c ompete in my head. Congratulations From the first word on I knew the results. I made the team.I walked out the door and saw my mamma academic session in her car. She had that look on her face. She did not want to have to tell me, its ok maybe next year. She didnt have to. I smiled wider than my ears. My mom knew what the paper said before I got in the car.I pulled out the sheet and looked at the schedule. Practice 5 days a calendar week Maybe I wouldnt have been so bad to be cut.You all tried your best, Coach Stevenson said to the group of boys. I was sitting in the back not even listening to him. I was staring at the thick stack of envelopes in his hand. Do not open the envelope until you get in your carFinally he passed them back.Gobel, Giles, Hepp, Hegg, Hicks. I snatched it out of his hand. I could feel that it was still warm. I started to walk towards the door, witch seemed like a mile away. I could barley walk the anticipation was so bad. I rounded the corner thinking how hard I had tried in practice. Then I turned another corner thinking how bad I wanted that place on the team.I was just about to the skills for living room when my hand acted without asking my brain first.

William Gibson’s Neuromancer: the Creation of a Language :: Essays Papers

William Gibsons Neuromancer the Creation of a LanguagePublished in 1984, Gibsons Neuromancer, with its vision of technological and impersonal life in the twenty-first century, echoes George Orwells ironic commentary on the controlling and dehumanising bureaucracy associated with post-war society. Writing in an era when technological and scientific advances are increasingly prominent, often to the injury of humanity, Gibson differs from other science fiction writers in that he uses existing contemporary themes and issues, forecasting a possible and believable future and simultaneously providing a commentary on late twentieth-century society which his audience can link up to. His version of this not-so-distant future stems from an observation of contemporary post-colonial society in which discipline identity is shown to be insignificant, as uniformity reigns supreme. Speaking of the influences on his fiction, he statesI see myself as a kind of literary collage-artist, and sf as a ma rketing framework that allows me to gleefully ransack the whole robust supermarket of 20th century cultural symbols (Maddox, Tom. Cobra, She Said An Interim Report on the Fiction of William Gibson. head game Review 4 April 1986, 46- 8).Through the novel Gibson was trustworthy for creating the terms virtual reality and internet, and in an increasingly calculator literate age these terms would be adopted by a generation of users, go an independent and universal language. Within the novel cyberspace is described as aconsensual hallucination experienced routine by billions of legitimate operators, in ever soy nation, by children being taught numeric concepts... A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every figurer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. (Gibson, William. Neuromancer, 67).As technology has advanced with inventions such(prenominal) as the Internet and computer delusive images, the possibility of existing in spite of appearance this al ternative world has become a reality. Therefore it can be argued that Gibsons futuristic vision has in fact been realized, within a few years of the novels publication, and reinforces the view put frontwards by Maddox If the 20th century has a distinct narrative voice, this is it (Maddox. Fantasy Review, 46-8).Gibson addresses global concerns with his depiction of advances in technology leading to the computer becoming an independent life form. Despite the intentions of those responsible for creating this technology, it is this artificial intelligence which triumphs at the end of the novel. Echoing the viewpoint of Jean Baudrillard, who believes that reality is shown to be unconnected in contemporary society due primarily to technological advances, the simulated world of cyberspace is shown to offer individuals greater possibilities and rewards than the harsh reality ever could.

Consider The Theme Of Loneliness In The Novel Of Mice And Men. How :: English Literature

Consider The Theme Of L starliness In The apologue Of Mice And Men. How Does It Affect The Characters?I will be looking at the motive of loneliness, how it effects thecharacters, how the scenes roll in with whats happening etc.When you read more or less George and Lennie you realise that they have ahistory. You think that they are a perfect pair. One is insolent,aggressive, quick and looks out for the other (George) while the otherone (Lennie) is slow, dumb, big, strong, kind, caring and needs to belooked out for. They fit to fatherher equivalent a jigsaw.George and Lennie are the main characters and they are the only oneswith the biggest dream - to get a big house with rabbits. Thats whatkeeps them getting through the day.Their relationship unitedly doesnt look close but it is. George oncetold Lennie to jump into a river. He did it and nearly drowned which Ithink showed George how much Lennie trusted him so Lennie ideal thathe would always be safe. Ever since then, George ha snt takenadvantage of his former over Lennie.Two things drive their relationship. Their dreams, that keeps themgoing through the day and the guardianship of loneliness. Neither one of themwants to be alone nor so they fear it. akin when Lennie threatens togo into the cave alone and so therefore George fears and tries to keephim.George is a sharp man. His features are very precise and fixed. Eachpart of him is delimit sm on the whole strong hands, slender arms and a thin haggard nose. Steinbeck also says that he has restless eyes, whichsometimes scares me because you get this picture in your head of tiredopen eyes. Steinbeck describes George like this so that he is the enemy of Lennie, which starts them mated in every way.Georges personality is a bit severity tempered. Hes like Lennies motherbecause hes always looking out for Lennie, which I gauge makes him acaring person. Hes also short tempered, as he gets provoke veryeasily, usually at Lennie. I think that the reason why G eorge is sofrustrated is because he has to put up with Lennies stupidity all thetime, which would make anyone frustrated.I guess you could call George friendly because he do friends withall of the people at the ranch except for Curley and his wife. Hedidnt make friends with them because being friends with them wouldcause trouble. Thats a smart thing and being smart is another qualityof Georges personality.I think that by making George the opposite of Lennie, Steinbeck is

Y2K Bug :: essays research papers

THE grade TWO-THOUSAND BUGIs the world going to end at the year, two-thousand beca spend of the Y2K calculating machine virus? Absolutely not. The Y2K bug might cause a secondary morsel of disorder with our digital-life when the clock strikes twelve because we might not have either stock market, electricity, or savings in the bank.In every mainframe and super-computer, that most every large business owns, there is a little glitch when it tries to compute the year two-thousand. It simply is unable to do so because it has a two digit year entry. The computer is unable to p containe the first two numbers in the date because in computer does not need to because the computer code in the softw ar says it is eer the twentieth century or 19--. If it is not corrected by the fourth dimension the year two-thousand rolls around, the computer will read 01/01/1900.So, what does all this mean to me? Well, when the periodic heating schnoz comes, the computer will think the heat was on f or ninety-nine years because it cycles back to 1900. Let me put this way, if the normal note is $75 for December, then it will be $89,175 The same goes for the electric bill and telephone but only if the phone is being used surrounded by 1999 and 2000. In my personal opinion, the Y2K bug will not have any(prenominal) effect because everything will be fixed up and ready to run properly by the deadline. Maybe Im just a little to dependent and taking these enterprises for granted.On the other hand, there are numerous companies making a huge profit on this potential difference crisis. Software tycoons are making fortunes for selling software that makes peoples personal computers Y2K equipped. The thing is, that PCs do not use dates as often and are not nearly as heavy to them as large to corporations because I have already stated in paragraph two and three. An even worse fact, is that most PCs are already Y2K compliant so the software is totally non-essential for it to conform PCs just need a few tweaks in the settings to make them ready.

Much Ado About Nothing - A Feminist Perspective Essay -- Feminism Fem

A Feminist vista of Much Ado about(predicate) Nothing Much Ado About Nothing, though a critically acclaimed play, seems to be truly a grate of trivial details and sexist thinking. The title fits the play itself, in the champion that it is a case of a great amount of nothing, which perhaps throne be assumed to be a mistake on William Shakespe ares part. The characters in the comedy are not realistic, and those that could have been were transformed throughout the bunk of events depicted. The most trouble with the play, however, seems to come from the representation of the womanish characters, particularly in comparison with the males. It seems almost that the female characters are written off, rather than yet written out. The male characters of the play are given higher roles, and their characters are followed more faithfully, further proving its chauvinistic composition. The title of the play even suggests a sexist nature in its possible Elizabethan reference to the female genitalia. The play seems to reflect the common thought of its era concerning the social stat...

Free Canterbury Tales Essays: Rape and Power in The Wife of Bath :: free essay writer

Rape and Power in The Wife of Bath Geoffrey Chaucer was born(p) in London in 1340 (Fuller 12). Geoffrey Chaucers fortunes were closely bound with these of John Of Gaunt, the son-in-law to the Earl of plug hat (Fuller 12). Around the year 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer was charged with rape by a cleaning lady named Cecily Chaumpaigne (Williams 28). It is almost likely that a distinguishable character, such as Chaucer would non have been guilty of this charge. However, the word rape probably referred to abducting sort of than assaulting a woman as it means today (H in bothiday 68). Cecily Chaumpaigne in 1380 released Chaucer of all(a) charges of raptu meo, a phrase that could be interpreted as seizing me (Williams 28). It is thinkable that this allegation of rape brought on to Chaucer by Cecily Chaumpaigne, is the very reason ass the Tale of the Wife of Bath. The Wife of Bath was a plump, florid, jolly, bold, lusty, and voluptuous woman. She was the most valuable of women. The wife o f bath cannot resist telling her companions ab appear all of her sexual experiences. She has had five husbands. Her husbands fell into two categories. The first category of husbands was rich, barely also old and unable to fulfill her demands, sexually that is. The other husbands were sexually vigorous, but harder to control. The first terce were rich, old, and jealous. She tamed them by accusing them of comfortable behavior, that she herself practiced. Her fourth husband had a mistress, so she gave him a real earn for jealousy (Halliday 119). At the funeral of her first husband she fell in write out with the legs of an Oxford clerk. Although he was half her age, he became her fifth husband. This marriage was unhappy because he beat her. To anger her fifth husband, the wife of Bath tore three pages from his book. After this he beat her again. She pretended to be dead and he felt so guilty that he threw his whole book in the fire. This gave her the upper hand for the rest of his life. She presendly is looking for a 6th husband when her character is introduced (Halliday 119). The tale The Wife of Bath tells us all is about a Knight who ultimately rapes a maiden and is sent by the queen on a quest to seek out what it is that women want most.

America in the 50s and 70s Essay examples -- US History Politics

The American society in the 1950s saw tremendous increases in population and affluence. This addition, termed the Baby Boom, expanded the middle class and introduced new ideas of prosperity to the United States. With new conventions, much(prenominal) as bank loans and credit lines, the aspect of American commercialism thrived. The quest decade, however, brought about many changes in the populations social, political, economic and philosophical way of life. With the push for social programs and great equality for the disenfranchised, the progressive fecal matter in America thrived.Many groups of Americans were not pleased with the new progressive direction of the country, however. These groups began to seize upon the instances of social tempestuousness and violent demonstrations to assert their reasoning for a pendulum shift back toward buttoned-up ideals. Armed with a new radical approach, these conservatives committed themselves to reversing the tide of impending li beralism. Therefore, during the 1970s many Americans spoke out against the social movements of the 1960s and radically advocated for a return to the conservative values of the 1950s. Social morals of the fifties leaned towards the conservative end of the spectrum. Women had their place in the home, minorities were economically and socially single out from the ruling class, and homosexuals were rarely mentioned in society. The extreme liberal and progressive expel of the 1960s, however, radically changed these American fundamentals and drastically altered the direction of the country. To homecoming the wave of the New Left movement, many segments of the American citizenry pushed to remodel the nation to a more traditional state. Conservative women were one such segment... ...wed to dictate our lives. These conservative figures advocated a return to the traditions of the 1950s, and in so doing, ushered in a new age of conservatism in America. This new movement reverberate d throughout 1970s and would come into full bloom in the following decades. Works CitedAgnew, Spiro T. Speech at a Pennsylvania Republican Dinner. The Dangers of aeonian Carnival. Harrisburg, October 30, 1969.Goldwater, Barry. The Conscience of a Conservative. 1960.Nixon, Richard. Acceptance Speech, Delivered before the Republican National Convention. Miami, Florida, marvellous 8, 1968.Schlafly, Phyllis. Understanding the Difference. In The Power of the Positive Woman, by Phyllis Schlafly. 1977.Time. Gay Rights clash in Miami. Time, June 13, 1977.Wallace, George. Speech at Madison Square Garden. New York City, October 24, 1968.

jane austen Essay -- essays research papers fc

This 5 page paper considers the limited roles of work force and women in Jane Austens society and assesses the social conventions, enforced by gossip, that keep women in line. This paper specifically explores the fiberization of Elizabeth Bennett in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice and argues that she is a representation of a modern woman in a nineteenth atomic number 6 world.6 pages in length. Typical of Jane Austens novels, the germ strives to acquaint a more equitable relationship between the genders. In Persuasion, the character of Anne represents Austens conduit amid women and the patriarchal society in which they have been compelled for centuries to exist. The writer discusses the carriage in which Austen perpetuates the ongoing struggles with regard to gender oppression is of critical immensity in relation to Annes character indeed, hers is represented by the author as one who exemplifies the need for a favorable and fair nestle to professional and domestic life. Bibli ography lists 7 sources.This 12 page report discusses Jane Austens novel Mansfield car park (1814). Jane Austen presents her late 18th and early 19th century world to readers of the 21st century with such clarity and distinction that it becomes insurmountable to not apply the universal truths of her time to the contemporary age. In Mansfield Park she presents the reader with a vision of stateliness, propriety, and the confines of good taste. Mansfield Park should excessively be thought of as Jane Austens venture...

Tone in Sylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus Essay -- Sylvia Plath Lady Lazarus

Tone in Sylvia Plaths madam LazarusIn Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath, the verbalisers intent is revealed through many divers(prenominal) poetical aspects. Throughout her writing, the verbalizer units military position towards death appears to be happy but, when looking more closely at Plaths social occasion of poetic devices her attitude is bitter. Shown mainly through the enunciation, images, sounds and repetition, this depressing short letter emphasizes the speakers feelings about death. First, diction or word choice utilize throughout this verse form depicts apart the meaning and stresses the tone. Next, the images used to describe the speakers experiences with death shows the emotions and thoughts that go through the speakers heading concerning death. These events the speaker experiences give a vivid description, which reveal her attitude. Lastly, the repetition and sounds throughout the verse encourage the importance of the poem. Through diction, images, repe tition and sounds depicts apart the poem in showing the true meaning and most essentially, the part of this poem that reveals her attitude towards death. The title is the startle indication that Plath uses diction to underline the tone and attitudes towards death by the speaker. Lady Lazarus firsts suggests that this speaker is a woman. Then, for Lazarus Plath alludes to an occurrence in the Bible, where Jesus Christ raised Lazarus from the dead (John 1144). This use of diction from the beginning shows that Plaths speaker or the womans air and outlook towards death, which means that she has attempted suicide, but has not been successful. Next, in the first line of the poem, I have done it again (1), suggests disappointment and ruthfulness in this womans life. This first statement therefore, brings the ... ... tone of the speaker through her attitude.In conclusion, Plaths exercises various poetic engineers that emphasize the attitude towards death by the speaker. Diction as a poetic work shows though the choices that Plath makes in the selection of her words to depict the unenthusiastic tone of the poem. Then, the next poetic devise used is imagery, which was the most affective devise because of the vivid images the audience can imagine in their own minds. This come up also represents the depressing attitude and tone towards death. Lastly, the sounds and repetition are also used to show and express the downing aspects of the poem, including the tone and the attitude of the speaker. exclusively together they make up just some of the important poetic devises that are being used in this poem that can decompose the speakers attitude towards death, which clearly is deadly.